# Textbook Animal breeding and Genetics - HBO (EN)

Canonical: https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/

# **Textbook Animal Breeding and Genetics (second edition, 2024)**

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## What can you find here? 

This textbook contains teaching material on animal breeding and genetics for BSc students. We start with the basics of animal breeding: the concepts of genetics necessary to understand the genetic processes used in animal breeding. Then, in the following chapters we will 'dive into the deep' and take you on a journey through all the steps that need to be taken in order to develop and run a successful breeding program.

![](/images/ce582c7c-3bae-4e98-8eea-adc243a6e5ae)

## Target group 

The target group of this wiki is BSc students and teachers.

## Authors

Kor Oldenbroek and Mario Calus

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- [Textbook Animal Breeding and Genetics (second edition, 2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/3735554.md)
- [1.3 Domestication and animal breeding (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/267386881.md)
- [Preface (2025)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/270172163.md)
- [1.10 Organization of breeding activities (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/270368775.md)
- [1.5 Origin of animal breeding: a history of science (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/270499841.md)
- [1.8 Introduction of DNA in animal breeding (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/270663681.md)
- [1.1 The history of animal breeding: science and application](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/270893057.md)
- [1.4 Domestication continues](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/270893095.md)
- [1.6 Breeding in the 19th century](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/270893101.md)
- [1.13 Negative effects of animal breeding (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/270893107.md)
- [Chapter 2: Basics of animal breeding](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/270893129.md)
- [2.1 Set up of a breeding program](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/270893151.md)
- [2.2 DNA as carrier](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/270893162.md)
- [2.3 Structure and composition of chromosomes](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/270893173.md)
- [2.4 The transfer from chromosomes and genes from parent to offspring](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/270893223.md)
- [2.5 The expression of genes, of their alleles, in the phenotype](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/270893234.md)
- [2.6 Meiosis creates differences among offspring of an individual](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/270893245.md)
- [2.7 Relatives share similar DNA, they have a relationship](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/270893277.md)
- [2.9 Key issues in basics of animal breeding (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/270893288.md)
- [1.11 Relation society and breeding (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/271253576.md)
- [1.12 Results in animal breeding (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/271319064.md)
- [Chapter 1: Introduction to animal breeding](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/271351809.md)
- [1.2 Selection by nature](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/271351825.md)
- [1.7 Animal breeding in the 20th century](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/271351831.md)
- [1.9 Animal breeding: link to societal requirements](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/271351912.md)
- [1.14 Key issues in animal breeding](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/271351918.md)
- [1.3.2 Domestication of other species (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/282067123.md)
- [3.5.1 Example: Introduction of the milking robot changes the breeding goal in dairy cattle (Source: Veeteelt, February 2026)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/282230860.md)
- [2.8 A remark on epigenetics (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/282329125.md)
- [1.3.1 Domestication of the dog (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/282361903.md)
- [3.5.2 Example: Greenhouse gas emission; the development of a new trait in the breeding goal for cattle (2025)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/282427484.md)
- [3.7.1 Application of measurements of methane in dairy cattle breeding (2025)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/282460236.md)
- [1.1.1 Heritable traits](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/282525724.md)
- [Chapter 3: Reasons to keep animals determine the breeding goal](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/282558472.md)
- [3.1 Challenges for animal breeding (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/282558494.md)
- [3.2 Breeding goals depend on the production system](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/282558504.md)
- [3.3 The choice of the appropriate breed](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/282558530.md)
- [3.4 The breeding goal](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/282558540.md)
- [3.5 Breeding goals are directed towards the future and require tenacity](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/282558550.md)
- [3.6 Breeding goals consists of several traits](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/282558560.md)
- [3.7 Measurement of breeding goal traits](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/282558570.md)
- [3.8 The breeding goal determines which traits should be recorded.](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/282558580.md)
- [3.9 Weighing the different traits of the breeding goal](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/282558590.md)
- [3.10 Aspects of sustainability and economics in breeding goals](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/282558616.md)
- [3.20 Key issues in reasons to keep animals determine the breeding goal](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/282558626.md)
- [3.11 Example: New breeding goals for pigs (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/282558636.md)
- [3.12 Example: Breeding goals for horses (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/282558653.md)
- [3.13 Example in dairy cattle: Dutch milk production index (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/282558665.md)
- [3.14 Example: Breeding methods of top breeders in dogs (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/282558677.md)
- [3.15 Example: Production objectives for village poultry in Ethiopia](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/282558687.md)
- [3.17 Breeding goals for Irish beef breeds (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/282755104.md)
- [3.19 Breeding goals for layers in poultry production (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/282755123.md)
- [4.12.1 Information of the animal itself (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/282755213.md)
- [4.12.3 Information of half or full sib offspring groups (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/282755225.md)
- [3.16 The breeding goal in the CRV Belgian white-blue breeding program (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/282820635.md)
- [4.12.2 Information of sibs (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/282984533.md)
- [3.13.2 Calculation model (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/283115546.md)
- [3.13.1 Explanation of INET (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/283246641.md)
- [3.13.3 Different breeding goals for Dutch dairy and dual-purpose breeds used by CRV (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/283312169.md)
- [3.18 Example: Breeding goals may be different for sire and dam lines. Example: the Topigs Norsvin program (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/283312204.md)
- [4.11.1 Indicator traits under development (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/283312294.md)
- [4.12.4 Combination of information sources (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/283344993.md)
- [Chapter 4: Collecting information for breeding decisions](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/283377665.md)
- [4.1 The value of a pedigree in animal breeding](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/283377686.md)
- [4.2 A unique identification system for animals is essential](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/283377703.md)
- [4.3 Collecting phenotypes, monogenic and polygenic traits](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/283377713.md)
- [4.4 Mean, variation, standard deviation and coefficient of variation](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/283377723.md)
- [4.5 Normal distribution of measurements](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/283377755.md)
- [4.6 Covariance and correlation](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/283377776.md)
- [4.7 Regression](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/283377793.md)
- [4.8 Measurement errors](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/283377803.md)
- [4.9 Frequency of measurements](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/283377813.md)
- [4.10 Measurements on the animal or on relatives?](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/283377823.md)
- [4.11 Value of indicator traits (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/283377833.md)
- [4.12 Value of information of ancestors (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/283377859.md)
- [4.13 The possibilities of DNA analysis and samples for the collection of DNA (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/283377875.md)
- [4.14 DNA markers (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/283377885.md)
- [4.14.1 The microsatellite marker (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/283377895.md)
- [4.14.2 The SNP marker (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/283377905.md)
- [4.16 Key issues in collecting information for breeding decisions (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/283377934.md)
- [1.4.1 Prerequisites for domestication (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/287605011.md)
- [1.8.1 The development of genomic selection (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/287605039.md)
- [1.9.1 Developments that affect animal breeding](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/287605051.md)
- [1.9.2 Food production important in many species](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/287605063.md)
- [2.2.1 Chromosomes as units of DNA](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/287605203.md)
- [2.5.1 Example of a dominant allele in cattle: polled (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/287605215.md)
- [4.15.2 Marker assisted selection for monogenic traits (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/287605282.md)
- [4.15.3 Genomic selection (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/287605315.md)
- [4.15.4 Whole genome sequencing (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/287605332.md)
- [5.11.4.1 Measurements of behavior in groups to establish interactions in groups for breeding purposes (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/287605425.md)
- [1.10.1.1 Cattle breeding nowadays (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/287670588.md)
- [1.13.2.1 Fertility in dairy cows as an example of corrective breeding (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/287670618.md)
- [1.5.2 Creation of breeds (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/287736152.md)
- [1.12.4 Results obtained in broiler production (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/287736166.md)
- [4.14.3 SNP or micro? (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/287736270.md)
- [1.13.1 Negative effects in dog breeding](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/287900097.md)
- [6.6.1 Inbreeding depression in dairy cattle (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/287900390.md)
- [1.10.1 Organization of breeding activities nowadays (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/288194767.md)
- [1.12.3 Results obtained in layer’s egg production (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/288194782.md)
- [2.1.3 Selection and mating and dissemination of genetic gain](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/288194881.md)
- [3.10.1 Defining breeding goals at different levels](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/288194921.md)
- [4.15 Use of genetic markers (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/288194965.md)
- [4.15.1.1 Example: parentage control with 18 microsatellites in dogs](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/288194977.md)
- [1.10.1.3 Horses and companion animals nowadays (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/288227555.md)
- [4.15.1.2 Parentage control in genomic selection programs (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/288227702.md)
- [4.14.5 Y chromosome (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/288260339.md)
- [4.15.1 Parentage control (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/288260351.md)
- [4.15.3.1 Advantages of genomic selection (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/288260372.md)
- [5.8.1 Restrictions on the estimates of the heritability](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/288260446.md)
- [1.5.1 Establishment of herd books (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/288325775.md)
- [1.10.1.2 Pig and poultry breeding nowadays (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/288325801.md)
- [1.12.5 Breeding results in racehorses (trotters) (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/288325904.md)
- [2.1.2 Collection of information for breeding value estimation](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/288325997.md)
- [2.1.1 Production system and breeding goal](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/288326010.md)
- [1.11.2 Relation in the developing countries (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/288358654.md)
- [1.12.2 Results obtained in pig breeding (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/288358670.md)
- [1.11.1 Relation in the developed countries (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/288391333.md)
- [1.13.2 Negative effects of selection for performance (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/288391353.md)
- [2.1.4 Evaluation of results](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/288424198.md)
- [2.7.1 mt- and Y-DNA (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/288424212.md)
- [4.14.4 Mitochondrial DNA polymorphism (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/288424277.md)
- [2.5.2 Example of epistatis (Minkema 1966)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/288522539.md)
- [1.12.1 Results obtained in cattle breeding (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/288555223.md)
- [4.14.6  Structural DNA variants (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/288555318.md)
- [Chapter 5: Genetic models](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/288686081.md)
- [5.1 Phenotype and environment during life history](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/288686102.md)
- [5.1.1 Events before birth](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/288686119.md)
- [5.1.2  Events after birth](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/288686129.md)
- [5.1.3 Events after weaning](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/288686139.md)
- [5.1.4 Events after maturity](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/288686149.md)
- [5.1.5 Events after reproductive phase](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/288686159.md)
- [5.2 Phenotype in a model](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/288686169.md)
- [5.3 Monogenic genetic variation](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/288686183.md)
- [5.4 Polygenic genetic variation](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/288686193.md)
- [5.5 Variance components](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/288686214.md)
- [5.6 Simplify the genetic model](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/288686224.md)
- [5.7 Next generation: transmission model](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/288686234.md)
- [5.8 Heritability](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/288686251.md)
- [5.9 Simply estimating the heritability: parent-offspring regression](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/288686266.md)
- [5.10 Misconceptions about the heritability](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/288686283.md)
- [5.11 Non-genetic influences: The variance due to a Common Environment](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/288686293.md)
- [5.11.1 Importance of common environment](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/288686310.md)
- [5.11.2 Examples of common environmental effects](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/288686320.md)
- [5.11.3 Special case of a common environmental effect: the maternal effect](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/288686330.md)
- [5.11.4 Special case of a common environmental effect: social genetic effect](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/288686347.md)
- [5.12 Key issues of genetic models (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/288686364.md)
- [Chapter 6: Genetic diversity and inbreeding](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/288718849.md)
- [6.1: What is genetic diversity?](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/288718870.md)
- [6.2: Forces that influence genetic diversity](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/288718891.md)
- [6.2.1: Loss of genetic diversity: genetic drift](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/288718901.md)
- [6.2.2: Loss of genetic diversity: selection](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/288718922.md)
- [6.2.3: Diversity and migration (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/288718953.md)
- [6.2.4: Increase in genetic diversity: mutation](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/288718967.md)
- [6.3: Change in diversity: inbreeding](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/288718981.md)
- [6.4: Causes of inbreeding](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/288718995.md)
- [6.5: Inevitable inbreeding](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/288719005.md)
- [6.6: Why is genetic diversity important? (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/288719015.md)
- [6.7: Toolbox: relationships](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/288719025.md)
- [6.7.1: Additive genetic relationship](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/288719046.md)
- [6.7.2: Calculation of additive relationships](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/288719056.md)
- [6.8: Additive genetic relationship using genomic information](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/288719082.md)
- [6.9: Realised additive relationship](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/288719108.md)
- [6.10: Inbreeding coefficient and relationship](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/288719118.md)
- [6.11: Additive genetic relationship when the common ancestor is inbred](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/288719128.md)
- [6.12: Inbreeding at population level: the rate of inbreeding](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/288719169.md)
- [6.13 Rate of inbreeding and active population size](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/288719190.md)
- [6.14: Predict the rate of inbreeding (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/288719226.md)
- [6.15: What rate of inbreeding is acceptable?](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/288719252.md)
- [6.16: Key issues on genetic diversity and inbreeding](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/288719266.md)
- [7.4.1.1 Color inheritance in Belgian Blue cattle (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/296386672.md)
- [Chapter 7: Inheritance of monogenic traits](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/296681474.md)
- [7.1 Calculation of allele frequencies](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/296681495.md)
- [7.2 Hardy and Weinberg equilibrium](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/296681505.md)
- [7.3 Random effects in matings](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/296681526.md)
- [7.4 Breeding aspects of genes with large (positive) effects (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/296681536.md)
- [7.4.1 Color genes in ruminants](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/296681546.md)
- [7.4.2 Color genes in pigs (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/296681602.md)
- [7.4.3 Color genes in horses (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/296681612.md)
- [7.4.4 Coat colors in dogs](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/296681622.md)
- [7.4.5 Color genes in poultry (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/296681632.md)
- [7.5 Breeding aspects of monogenic traits with negative effects (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/296681642.md)
- [7.6 Testing parents for monogenic traits when no genetic markers are available](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/296681668.md)
- [7.7 The value of genetic markers in testing parents for genetic defects](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/296681678.md)
- [7.8 Elimination of recessive alleles for genetic defects with genetic markers](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/296681699.md)
- [7.10 Key issues in inheritance of monogenic traits](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/296681720.md)
- [7.7.1.2 Detection and purging of a new genetic defect in Holstein Friesian cattle (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/299434095.md)
- [8.10.1 The use of multiple sources of information simultaneously (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/299434252.md)
- [8.10.3 Example of BLUP-EBV for carcass weight in dairy cattle (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/299434265.md)
- [9.12.1 Realizing the selection response in pigs and poultry (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/299434408.md)
- [12.5.2 Laying hens breeding program from Hendrix-Genetics (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/299434560.md)
- [12.5.1.3 Health and product information (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/299467144.md)
- [13.1.1 The development of a new breeding line in Nile tilapia fish (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/299467171.md)
- [14.5.3.1 An example of genomic selection in an endangered breed (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/299467290.md)
- [14.7.3.1 Example of a breeding circle: the Veluws Heideschaap (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/299467381.md)
- [11.1 Definitions of a breed (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/299499847.md)
- [14.3.2.1 Recognized labels for animal products stimulate the in vivo conservation of breeds: the success of Label Rouge for French poultry breeds (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/299500115.md)
- [14.6.6 Program for monitoring populations (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/299500145.md)
- [14.7.4 A summary of measures to prevent inbreeding in dogs (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/299500163.md)
- [12.5.1.1 Construction and composition of the dam lines (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/299532707.md)
- [12.5.4 Setting up a poultry breeding program in Africa: Coq du Faso (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/299532731.md)
- [14.3.3 The in vitro conservation of breeds in The Netherlands (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/299532848.md)
- [7.4.5.2 Sexing one-day-old brown layer chickens (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/299630624.md)
- [8.10.5.1 Example: breeding value estimation in the Topigs Norsvin pig breeding program (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/299630820.md)
- [14.3.3.2 Colour sidedness: an example of genetic diversity conserved for research (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/299631325.md)
- [14.5.2 The use of genomic information for the conservation of animal genetic diversity (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/299631337.md)
- [14.5.3.2 An example of introgression: Polledness in cattle (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/299631356.md)
- [7.7.1 Homozygosity mapping as a tool to detect recessive deleterious mutations (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/299663422.md)
- [7.7.1.1 Genomic detection of recessive defects in the Friesian horse (2025)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/299663437.md)
- [8.10.2 Estimation of systematic effects (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/299663649.md)
- [9.12.3 Realizing the selection response in horses (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/299663725.md)
- [14.3.2 The in vivo conservation of breeds in The Netherlands (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/299664144.md)
- [9.12.2 Realizing the selection response in dairy cattle (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/299696526.md)
- [12.5.1.2 Construction and composition of the sire lines (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/299696674.md)
- [13.1.1.1 The evaluation after 6 generations (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/299696712.md)
- [14.7.2.1 Optimal contributions of selected parents (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/299696916.md)
- [9.12.4 Realizing the selection response in dogs (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/299729170.md)
- [12.5.3.1 The sexing of broiler chicks (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/299729378.md)
- [12.6 Breeding programs for fish: breeding globally in aquaculture systems with: Atlantic salmon, rainbow trout, Nile tilapia, European seabass (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/299729392.md)
- [14.3.3.1 Example: Revival of the native Red and White Friesian cow in The Netherlands (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/299762298.md)
- [14.5.3 The use of genomics to improve and manage rare breeds (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/299762347.md)
- [7.4.5.1 Sexing one-day-old white layer chickens (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/299794477.md)
- [12.5.4.1 The establishment of a local rooster line (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/299794931.md)
- [8.10.4 Example: Breeding value estimation for dairy goats (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/299827395.md)
- [12.5.3 Broiler breeding program from Cobb (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/299827784.md)
- [12.6.2 Example of a breeding program for fish: the Salmon breeding program of Akvaforsk in Norway (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/299827819.md)
- [14.1.2 Concentration on a few breeds within species (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/299827920.md)
- [14.7.1.1 The outline of an introgression scheme (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/299827998.md)
- [12.4.1.3 Effects of genomic selection (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/299860485.md)
- [13.6.2.1 Challenging conditions require performance testing in Africa for a dual purpose poultry breed developed in France and used for crossbreeding in Africa (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/299860549.md)
- [14.1.5 Genotype by environment interaction requires breed diversification (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/299860571.md)
- [8.10.5. MiXBLUP 3.0 (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/299925603.md)
- [12.3.1.3 Evaluation and inbreeding (2025)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/299925894.md)
- [12.4.1.1 The nucleus program (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/299925911.md)
- [12.6.1 Differences between species in egg production (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/299925947.md)
- [7.9 Gene editing (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/300023940.md)
- [12.3.1.1 Health traits (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/300024366.md)
- [12.4.1.2 Genomic selection (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/300024379.md)
- [12.5.4.2 The success of Coq du Faso (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/300024396.md)
- [12.6.2.1 Egg production by salmon (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/300024410.md)
- [Chapter 11: Crossbreeding](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/300089346.md)
- [11.2 Heterosis](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/300089398.md)
- [11.3 The genetic background of heterosis](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/300089408.md)
- [11.4 Effects of heterosis](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/300089429.md)
- [11.5 Motivation for crossbreeding](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/300089450.md)
- [11.6 The different crossbreeding systems and their applicability (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/300089471.md)
- [11.6.1 Two-way cross (pure-breed cross) (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/300089492.md)
- [11.6.2 Three-way cross (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/300089502.md)
- [11.6.3 Four-way crosses (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/300089512.md)
- [11.6.4 Two-way rotation (crisscross) (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/300089522.md)
- [11.6.5 Three-way rotation (crisscross) (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/300089543.md)
- [11.6.6 Introgression](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/300089553.md)
- [11.6.7 Grading-up](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/300089563.md)
- [11.6.8 Creating a synthetic breed (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/300089584.md)
- [11.7 Key issues on crossbreeding](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/300089598.md)
- [Chapter 12: The structure of breeding programs](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/300089608.md)
- [12.1 Genetic improvement in a breeding program](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/300089625.md)
- [12.2 Breeding programs are less or more in control (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/300089635.md)
- [12.3 Breeding programs with a simple (flat) structure (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/300089645.md)
- [12.3.1 Example of a breeding program with a flat structure: the KFPS program (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/300089655.md)
- [12.4 Breeding programs with an (open) nucleus (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/300089665.md)
- [12.4.1 Example: an open nucleus breeding program: the CRV dairy program (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/300089675.md)
- [12.5 Breeding programs with a pyramidal structure (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/300089721.md)
- [12.5.1 Example of a breeding program with a pyramidal structure: the Topigs Norsvin program (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/300089762.md)
- [12.7 Key issues on breeding programs (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/300089808.md)
- [Chapter 8: Ranking the animals](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/300154884.md)
- [8.1: Ranking the animals: an overview of methods](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/300154901.md)
- [8.1.1: Mass selection (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/300154911.md)
- [8.1.2: Animal Model](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/300154921.md)
- [8.1.3: Genomic selection (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/300154935.md)
- [8.2: In more detail: breeding value estimation](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/300154949.md)
- [8.2.1: The basic statistics](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/300154970.md)
- [8.3: Optimising the phenotypic information](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/300154980.md)
- [8.4: Accuracy of the breeding value: the basic concept](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/300155001.md)
- [8.5: Breeding value estimation: Mass selection](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/300155022.md)
- [8.5.1: Special case: repeated observations on a single animal](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/300155032.md)
- [8.6: Breeding value estimation: the Animal Model](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/300155047.md)
- [8.7: Breeding value estimation: the basic situation](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/300155057.md)
- [8.7.1: Breeding value estimation: the rabbit example on mass selection](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/300155067.md)
- [8.7.2: Breeding value estimation: a sheep example with information from parents](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/300155077.md)
- [8.8: Other types of information sources](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/300155099.md)
- [8.9: Examples of estimating breeding values](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/300155120.md)
- [8.10: Best Linear Unbiased Prediction and the Animal Model (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/300155156.md)
- [8.11: Accuracy of estimated breeding values](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/300155166.md)
- [8.11.1: Effect of additional information on the accuracy](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/300155197.md)
- [8.12: Summary of breeding value estimation](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/300155207.md)
- [8.13: Effects of number of offspring on the accuracy](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/300155228.md)
- [8.14: Go for highest EBV or highest accuracy?](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/300155249.md)
- [8.14.1: Outweighing EBV and accuracy in a dairy cattle example](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/300155275.md)
- [8.15: Genomic selection](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/300155285.md)
- [8.15.1 Composition of the reference population](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/300155323.md)
- [8.15.2 Accuracy of genomic selection](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/300155333.md)
- [8.15.3 The size of the reference population](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/300155350.md)
- [8.16 Key issues on ranking the animals (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/300155376.md)
- [Chapter 9: Predicting response to selection](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/300155386.md)
- [9.1 Response to selection: an overview](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/300155408.md)
- [9.2 Breeding is about predicting the future](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/300155429.md)
- [9.3 Genetic response: the basic principle](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/300155439.md)
- [9.4 Response to mass selection](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/300155460.md)
- [9.5 Selected proportion and selection intensity](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/300155496.md)
- [9.5.1 Appendix: from selected proportion to selection intensity](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/300155522.md)
- [9.6 Selection response: the generalized approach](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/300155532.md)
- [9.6.1 An example: the Arabian horse](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/300155549.md)
- [9.6.2 Example: rabbit breeding](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/300155566.md)
- [9.7 Generation interval](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/300155587.md)
- [9.8 Optimising genetic gain](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/300155608.md)
- [9.9 Selection paths](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/300155630.md)
- [9.9.1 An example: beef cattle breeding](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/300155647.md)
- [9.10 More detailed selection paths](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/300155668.md)
- [9.11 Selection intensity and rate of inbreeding (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/300155715.md)
- [9.11.1 Software packages which optimise genetic gain and inbreeding (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/300155725.md)
- [9.12 Practical issues with predicting response to selection (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/300155746.md)
- [9.13 Key issues on predicting response to selection (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/300155756.md)
- [Chapter 10: Selection and mating](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/300220417.md)
- [10.1 Selection criteria and mating decisions](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/300220439.md)
- [10.2 Compensatory mating (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/300220449.md)
- [10.3 Long term genetic contribution](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/300220459.md)
- [10.3.1 Example of genetic contributions](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/300220469.md)
- [10.3.2 Relation between genetic contribution and inbreeding](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/300220490.md)
- [10.3.3 Example of the effect of a popular ram on inbreeding](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/300220511.md)
- [10.4 Breeding limitations](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/300220532.md)
- [10.5 Genetic contributions and occurrence of recessive disorders](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/300220549.md)
- [10.5.1 Example: heavy use of a sire for the frequency of genetic defects](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/300220570.md)
- [10.6 Confirmation of parenthood](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/300220591.md)
- [10.7 Key issues on selection and inbreeding](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/300220601.md)
- [Chapter 13: Evaluation of the breeding program](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/300253185.md)
- [13.1 How to measure genetic improvement?](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/300253202.md)
- [13.2 Genetic trend (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/300253219.md)
- [13.3 What could be influencing the realised response to selection?](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/300253240.md)
- [13.4 Selection limits](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/300253250.md)
- [13.5 Breeding with impact (2025)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/300253276.md)
- [13.6 Genotype by Environment interaction](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/300253286.md)
- [13.6.1 Prerequisites determine the environment](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/300253296.md)
- [13.6.2 Consequences of GxE for the breeding program](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/300253313.md)
- [13.6.3 Correlated response](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/300253323.md)
- [13.6.4 Limiting resources](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/300253344.md)
- [13.6.5 Role of the environment](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/300253365.md)
- [13.6.6 Evidence for the resource allocation model](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/300253375.md)
- [13.6.7 Correlations and genotype by environment interaction](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/300253396.md)
- [13.7 Solutions to undesirable correlations](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/300253406.md)
- [13.8 Future expectations: where to go from here?](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/300253416.md)
- [13.9 Balance between progress and genetic diversity](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/300253426.md)
- [13.10 Key issues of the chapter on evaluation of the breeding program](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/300253436.md)
- [Chapter 14: Maintenance of genetic diversity (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/300285953.md)
- [14.1 Genetic diversity](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/300285975.md)
- [14.1.1 Genetic diversity in dogs (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/300285985.md)
- [14.1.3 Importance of variation between breeds (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/300286005.md)
- [14.2 Example: FAO’s global plan for farm animal genetic resources (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/300286042.md)
- [14.3 Assessing the risk status for breeds (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/300286121.md)
- [14.3.1 Finding the strategy for conservation (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/300286142.md)
- [14.4 The use of pedigrees for measuring genetic diversity](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/300286159.md)
- [14.5 The impact of DNA information on measuring genetic diversity](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/300286169.md)
- [14.5.1 Genome-wide patters of diversity](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/300286179.md)
- [14.5.1.1 An example of haplotypes: B-blood groups of cattle](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/300286189.md)
- [14.5.1.2 An example of introgression: Booroola allele in Texel sheep](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/300286203.md)
- [14.6 Monitoring populations (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/300286213.md)
- [14.6.1 Avoidable and unavoidable inbreeding](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/300286234.md)
- [14.6.1.1 Inbreeding is not heritable (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/300286244.md)
- [14.6.2 Population size](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/300286270.md)
- [14.6.3 The ideal population](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/300286280.md)
- [14.6.4 Monitoring the rate of inbreeding](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/300286290.md)
- [14.6.5 Relationship between the additive genetic relationship and inbreeding (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/300286321.md)
- [14.7 Prevention of inbreeding](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/300286342.md)
- [14.7.1 Expansion of the size of the population (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/300286352.md)
- [14.7.2 Restrictions in the use of parents (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/300286366.md)
- [14.7.3 Mating schemes to control and manage relationship](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/300286376.md)
- [14.8 Key issues on genetic diversity (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/300286397.md)
- [1.11.3 Animal breeding anticipates on the FAO global development goals (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/301432895.md)
- [6.2.2.2 Selection may lead to bottlenecks](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/321585162.md)
- [6.2.2.1 Natural selection](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/335873575.md)
- [6.2.3.1 Diversity and breed origin (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/335873591.md)
- [6.11.1 Importance of the number of generations for inbreeding calculations](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/336135671.md)
- [6.13.1 Mating systems and inbreeding](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/336135691.md)
- [6.2.1.1 Mendelian sampling effect on genetic drift](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/336168255.md)
- [10.4.1 Example: breeding limitations and rate of inbreeding in Friesian horses](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/337084483.md)
- [Colofon](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/358809611.md)
- [12.3.1.2 Breeding value estimation and selection (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/383811621.md)
- [3.1.1 Breeding for resilience in dairy cows (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/587989011.md)
- [14.1.6 Origin if differences within breeds (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/600375311.md)
- [14.1.4 Origin of differences between breeds (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/600768513.md)
- [11.6.9 Heterosis in different type of crosses](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/626098179.md)
- [10.2.1 An example of a mating system to breed dairy cows with a balanced body form: aAa® (2024)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/749535239.md)
- [10.2.2 An example of a compensatory mating system for dairy cows: CRV’s SAP (Sire Advice Program)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/749764611.md)
- [13.5.1 An example: selection against routine use of caesarean section in double-muscled cattle (2025)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/1452113938.md)
- [7.7.1.3 An intensively used sire is the source of a genetic defect in Holstein Friesians (2025)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/1452834822.md)
- [11.6.1.1 The use of sex-sorted semen in a dairy herd where a two-way cross with beef bulls is applied (2025)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/1453162504.md)
- [14.5.2.1 An example: Genetic diversity and signatures of selection in Icelandic horses and Exmoor ponies (2025)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/1453260810.md)
- [14.5.2.2 An example: Inbreeding effects in Australian Holsteins and Jerseys (2025)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/1453490185.md)
- [8.15.2.1 Accuracy of the breeding value of young heifer calves (2025)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/1536098314.md)
- [14.7.3.2 Foundation Breeding System (2026)](https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/space/TAB/2005499909.md)

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Generated: 2026-09-06T18:45:03.353Z